Friday & Eid
The Friday prayer (Jumu'ah), the sermon, and the two Eid prayers.
The Friday prayer (Jumu'ah)
- The obligation of the Friday prayer (Jumu'ah), and who it is obligatory upon Why the Friday prayer is an individual obligation (fard al-ayn), the six conditions that make it obligatory on a person, and what happens when an exempt person prays it anyway.
- The emphasis on the Friday prayer, and the warning against abandoning it The Qur'an's command to hasten to the Friday prayer (Jumu'ah), the reward for attending it properly, and the hadith that warn severely against missing it.
- The virtues of Friday (Jumu'ah) Why Friday is called Jumu'ah, the hadith on its excellence, its place among the earlier nations, and why a special prayer was given to this one day.
- The conditions for the Friday prayer to be valid The six conditions without which the Friday prayer (Jumu'ah) does not count at all, how each is defined, why they differ from the conditions of obligation, and praying it in more than one mosque.
- The rules of the call to prayer (adhan) on Friday Why Friday has two calls to prayer, when each is given, and why trading is not allowed once the first one is heard.
- The rules of the rows on Friday How to take a place in the rows, fill them in order, keep them straight, and when it is and is not allowed to move forward to an empty gap.
- The rules of the Friday sermon, and the etiquette of listening to it The two obligatory parts of the Friday sermon (khutbah), its twelve sunnahs, what is disliked in it, why it stays in Arabic, and how the congregation should listen.
- The method of offering the Friday sermon and prayer The units (rak'ahs) of the Friday prayer (Jumu'ah) in order, the intention to use, who may lead, and step by step how the imam moves from the sermon into the prayer.
- The Friday sermon of the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ How the Prophet ﷺ delivered his own Friday sermon: his manner, what he recited, and the words of the sermons themselves.
- The etiquettes of Friday How to prepare for the Friday prayer (Jumu'ah) from Thursday onward: the full bath (ghusl), clean clothes and perfume, going early, and what to do between Asr and Maghrib.
- Miscellaneous rulings of the Friday prayer (Jumu'ah) Travelling on Friday, visiting graves, fasting alone on Friday, the two views on the hour of acceptance, and other rulings that don't fit elsewhere.
The two Eids
- What is Eid? The obligation of the Eid prayers What Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha are, and why the two Eid prayers are necessary (wajib) on the same people as the Friday prayer.
- The conditions for the Eid prayers The Eid prayer shares its conditions with the Friday prayer (Jumu'ah), but differs on the sermon, the calls to prayer (adhan and iqamah), and where it may be held.
- The times of the Eid prayers The Eid prayer's window runs from shortly after sunrise until just before midday, and the two Eids are best prayed at opposite ends of it.
- The units of prayer (rakats) and the extra takbirs of the Eid prayer The Eid prayer is two units (rakats) with three extra, necessary (wajib) takbirs in each, six in total, plus a necessary takbir for the bowing (ruku) in the second unit.
- How to pray the Eid prayer, step by step The full method of the Eid prayer in order, from the intention and the extra takbirs to the two sermons that follow it.
- The rulings of the Eid sermon The Eid sermon (khutbah) follows the Friday sermon's rules with three exceptions: no sitting first, an opening and closing takbir, and its own subject matter.
- Mistakes, forgetfulness and joining late in the Eid prayer What to do if one of the extra takbirs (saying Allahu Akbar) is said wrongly, forgotten or added to, and how to join the Eid prayer after the imam has already started.
- Missing and postponing the Eid prayer What to do about a missed Eid prayer, when it may be delayed to another day, and how it interacts with voluntary (nafl) prayers, a funeral, or the Friday prayer (Jumu'ah).
- The etiquettes of Eid day The recommended acts of Eid day, from the full bath (ghusl) and best clothes to the words of praise (takbir) said on the way, and how Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha differ.
- The takbir of the days of Tashriq (Takbir al-Tashriq) The necessary (wajib) takbir said after every obligatory prayer from Fajr on the Day of Arafah to Asr on the 13th of Dhul-Hijjah, and who it binds.