Friday & Eid
Jumuʿah, the sermon, and the two Eid prayers.
Eid
- The conditions for the Eid prayers The Eid prayer shares its conditions with Jumu'ah, but differs on the sermon, the adhan and iqamah, and where it may be held.
- The etiquettes of Eid day The recommended acts of Eid day, from ghusl and best clothes to the takbir said on the way, and how Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha differ.
- How to pray the Eid prayer, step by step The full method of the Eid prayer in order, from the intention and the extra takbirs to the two sermons that follow it.
- Missing and postponing the Eid prayer What to do about a missed Eid prayer, when it may be delayed to another day, and how it interacts with nafl prayers, a funeral, or Jumu'ah.
- Mistakes, forgetfulness and joining late in the Eid prayer What to do if a takbir is said wrongly, forgotten or added to, and how to join the Eid prayer after the imam has already started.
- The rakats and takbirs of the Eid prayer The Eid prayer is two rakats with three extra, wajib takbirs in each, six in total, plus a wajib takbir for ruku in the second rakat.
- Takbir al-Tashriq: the takbir of the days of Tashriq The wajib takbir said after every obligatory prayer from Fajr on Arafah day to Asr on the 13th of Dhul-Hijjah, and who it binds.
- The rulings of the Eid sermon The Eid khutbah follows the Friday sermon's rules with three exceptions: no sitting first, an opening and closing takbir, and its own subject matter.
- The times of the Eid prayers The Eid prayer's window runs from shortly after sunrise until just before midday, and the two Eids are best prayed at opposite ends of it.
- What is Eid? The obligation of the Eid prayers What Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha are, and why the two Eid prayers are wajib on the same people as the Friday prayer.
Jumuah
- The rules of the adhan for Friday Why Friday has two calls to prayer, when each is given, and why trading is not allowed once the first one is heard.
- The conditions for the Friday prayer to be valid The six conditions without which Jumu'ah does not count at all, how each is defined, why they differ from the conditions of obligation, and praying it in more than one mosque.
- The emphasis on the Friday prayer, and the warning against abandoning it The Qur'an's command to hasten to Jumu'ah, the reward for attending it properly, and the hadith that warn severely against missing it.
- The etiquettes of Friday How to prepare for Jumu'ah from Thursday onward: ghusl, clean clothes and perfume, going early, and what to do between Asr and Maghrib.
- The method of offering the Friday sermon and prayer The rak'ahs of Jumu'ah in order, the intention to use, who may lead, and step by step how the imam moves from the sermon into the prayer.
- Miscellaneous rulings of Jumu'ah Travelling on Friday, visiting graves, fasting alone on Friday, the two views on the hour of acceptance, and other rulings that don't fit elsewhere.
- The obligation of Jumu'ah, and who it is obligatory upon Why the Friday prayer is fard al-ayn, the six conditions that make it obligatory on a person, and what happens when an exempt person prays it anyway.
- The Friday sermon of the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ How the Prophet ﷺ delivered his own Friday sermon: his manner, what he recited, and the words of the sermons themselves.
- The rules of the rows on Friday How to take a place in the rows, fill them in order, keep them straight, and when it is and is not allowed to move forward to an empty gap.
- The rules of the Friday sermon, and the etiquette of listening to it The two obligatory parts of the khutbah, its twelve sunnahs, what is disliked in it, why it stays in Arabic, and how the congregation should listen.
- The virtues of Jumu'ah Why Friday is called Jumu'ah, the hadith on its excellence, its place among the earlier nations, and why a special prayer was given to this one day.