Islamic Manual

Zakat on pasturing animals (saimah)

What makes an animal saimah, the nisab and rates for camels, cows and goats, and the rules that apply across all three.

Saimah animals are ones that graze out in the open for most of the year and are kept for their milk, for breeding, or to be fattened, not for meat, riding or carrying loads. Zakat is only due on three kinds of saimah animals: camels, cows (buffaloes count the same as cows), and goats (sheep, rams and lambs count as goats too).

Each of the three saimah animals has its own nisab (the smallest number that owes zakat) and its own set amount for each herd size, shown in the table below.

Zakat on camels
Number of camels Zakat due
5 – 9 1 goat
10 – 14 2 goats
15 – 19 3 goats
20 – 24 4 goats
25 – 35 1 one-year-old she-camel
36 – 45 2 two-year-old she-camels
46 – 60 3 three-year-old she-camels
61 – 75 4 four-year-old she-camels
76 – 90 2 two-year-old she-camels
91 – 120 3 three-year-old she-camels
121 or more A new calculation begins

The goat given for the first four bands may be male or female, but must be a full year old (in its second year). “One-year-old”, “two-year-old” and so on for the she-camels likewise mean the animal has entered its second, third or later year. Numbers between two nisab levels (such as 6 to 9, or 11 to 14) add nothing further: up to 9 camels only one goat is due, up to 14 only two, and so on. Female camels should be given for zakat; if a male is given instead, its zakat value is calculated on the price of a female camel. The passage does not give the calculation that applies once camels reach 121 or more.

There is no zakat on fewer than 5 camels.

Zakat on cows
Number of cows Zakat due
30 – 39 1 one-year-old calf
40 – 59 1 two-year-old calf
60 2 one-year-old calves
70 (example) 1 one-year-old calf and 1 two-year-old calf
80 (example) 2 two-year-old calves

“One-year-old” means the animal has entered its second year. After sixty cows, every further group of ten is worked out from two units: for every 30 cows, one one-year-old calf; for every 40 cows, one two-year-old calf, combined so the units add up to the total herd. The source document's own worked example reads: “For example, in a herd of 70 camels, one one-year-old calf and one two-year-old calf are due, as the herd contains one basic and one double amount; in an 80-camel herd, two two-year-old calves are due, as it contains two basic amounts”, reproduced here exactly as printed even though the heading and the surrounding rules concern cows, not camels; see this batch's review notes. Buffaloes are treated exactly as cows, and where someone owns both, the two are counted together toward the nisab. There is flexibility in the zakat on cows and buffaloes: either a male or a female calf may be given. The number of cows between two nisab levels (such as 31 to 39, or 41 to 59) adds nothing further.

Zakat on goats
Number of goats Zakat due
40 – 120 1 goat
121 – 200 2 goats
201 – 399 3 goats
400 or more 4 goats, plus 1 more goat for every further 100

The goat given must be a full year old. The source document states that numbers between two nisab levels add nothing further, giving 31 to 39 or 41 to 99 as its examples, reproduced here exactly as printed, though the goat nisab levels set out above are 40 and 121, not 40 and 100; see this batch's review notes. Sheep, rams and lambs are included in the category of goats for zakat, and there is no distinction between male and female goats.

Farḍmust do

Pasturing animals (saimah) are those that spend most of the year grazing in the wild and are kept for milk, breeding or fattening. Zakat is obligatory on only three kinds of saimah animals: camels, cows (buffaloes are treated the same as cattle for zakat), and goats.

There is no zakat on fewer than 5 camels; from 5 upward, zakat is calculated as follows.

Zakat on camels
Number of camels Zakat due
5 – 9 1 goat
10 – 14 2 goats
15 – 19 3 goats
20 – 24 4 goats
25 – 35 1 one-year-old she-camel
36 – 45 2 two-year-old she-camels
46 – 60 3 three-year-old she-camels
61 – 75 4 four-year-old she-camels
76 – 90 2 two-year-old she-camels
91 – 120 3 three-year-old she-camels
121 or more A new calculation begins

The goat given for the first four bands may be male or female, but must be a full year old (in its second year). “One-year-old”, “two-year-old” and so on for the she-camels likewise mean the animal has entered its second, third or later year. Numbers between two nisab levels (such as 6 to 9, or 11 to 14) add nothing further: up to 9 camels only one goat is due, up to 14 only two, and so on. Female camels should be given for zakat; if a male is given instead, its zakat value is calculated on the price of a female camel. The passage does not give the calculation that applies once camels reach 121 or more.

There is no zakat on fewer than 30 cows; from 30 upward, zakat is calculated as follows.

Zakat on cows
Number of cows Zakat due
30 – 39 1 one-year-old calf
40 – 59 1 two-year-old calf
60 2 one-year-old calves
70 (example) 1 one-year-old calf and 1 two-year-old calf
80 (example) 2 two-year-old calves

“One-year-old” means the animal has entered its second year. After sixty cows, every further group of ten is worked out from two units: for every 30 cows, one one-year-old calf; for every 40 cows, one two-year-old calf, combined so the units add up to the total herd. The source document's own worked example reads: “For example, in a herd of 70 camels, one one-year-old calf and one two-year-old calf are due, as the herd contains one basic and one double amount; in an 80-camel herd, two two-year-old calves are due, as it contains two basic amounts”, reproduced here exactly as printed even though the heading and the surrounding rules concern cows, not camels; see this batch's review notes. Buffaloes are treated exactly as cows, and where someone owns both, the two are counted together toward the nisab. There is flexibility in the zakat on cows and buffaloes: either a male or a female calf may be given. The number of cows between two nisab levels (such as 31 to 39, or 41 to 59) adds nothing further.

There is no zakat on fewer than 40 goats; from 40 upward, zakat is calculated as follows.

Zakat on goats
Number of goats Zakat due
40 – 120 1 goat
121 – 200 2 goats
201 – 399 3 goats
400 or more 4 goats, plus 1 more goat for every further 100

The goat given must be a full year old. The source document states that numbers between two nisab levels add nothing further, giving 31 to 39 or 41 to 99 as its examples, reproduced here exactly as printed, though the goat nisab levels set out above are 40 and 121, not 40 and 100; see this batch's review notes. Sheep, rams and lambs are included in the category of goats for zakat, and there is no distinction between male and female goats.

Farḍmust do

Sāʾimah are animals that spend the greater part of the year grazing freely and are kept for milk, breeding or fattening. Zakāh is obligatory on exactly three species of sāʾimah: camels, cows (buffaloes carry the same ruling as cattle), and goats.

Camels carry no Zakāh below five head; from five, the calculation runs as follows.

Zakat on camels
Number of camels Zakat due
5 – 9 1 goat
10 – 14 2 goats
15 – 19 3 goats
20 – 24 4 goats
25 – 35 1 one-year-old she-camel
36 – 45 2 two-year-old she-camels
46 – 60 3 three-year-old she-camels
61 – 75 4 four-year-old she-camels
76 – 90 2 two-year-old she-camels
91 – 120 3 three-year-old she-camels
121 or more A new calculation begins

The goat given for the first four bands may be male or female, but must be a full year old (in its second year). “One-year-old”, “two-year-old” and so on for the she-camels likewise mean the animal has entered its second, third or later year. Numbers between two nisab levels (such as 6 to 9, or 11 to 14) add nothing further: up to 9 camels only one goat is due, up to 14 only two, and so on. Female camels should be given for zakat; if a male is given instead, its zakat value is calculated on the price of a female camel. The passage does not give the calculation that applies once camels reach 121 or more.

Cows carry no Zakāh below thirty head; from thirty, the calculation runs as follows.

Zakat on cows
Number of cows Zakat due
30 – 39 1 one-year-old calf
40 – 59 1 two-year-old calf
60 2 one-year-old calves
70 (example) 1 one-year-old calf and 1 two-year-old calf
80 (example) 2 two-year-old calves

“One-year-old” means the animal has entered its second year. After sixty cows, every further group of ten is worked out from two units: for every 30 cows, one one-year-old calf; for every 40 cows, one two-year-old calf, combined so the units add up to the total herd. The source document's own worked example reads: “For example, in a herd of 70 camels, one one-year-old calf and one two-year-old calf are due, as the herd contains one basic and one double amount; in an 80-camel herd, two two-year-old calves are due, as it contains two basic amounts”, reproduced here exactly as printed even though the heading and the surrounding rules concern cows, not camels; see this batch's review notes. Buffaloes are treated exactly as cows, and where someone owns both, the two are counted together toward the nisab. There is flexibility in the zakat on cows and buffaloes: either a male or a female calf may be given. The number of cows between two nisab levels (such as 31 to 39, or 41 to 59) adds nothing further.

Goats carry no Zakāh below forty head; from forty, the calculation runs as follows.

Zakat on goats
Number of goats Zakat due
40 – 120 1 goat
121 – 200 2 goats
201 – 399 3 goats
400 or more 4 goats, plus 1 more goat for every further 100

The goat given must be a full year old. The source document states that numbers between two nisab levels add nothing further, giving 31 to 39 or 41 to 99 as its examples, reproduced here exactly as printed, though the goat nisab levels set out above are 40 and 121, not 40 and 100; see this batch's review notes. Sheep, rams and lambs are included in the category of goats for zakat, and there is no distinction between male and female goats.

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