Kufr, shirk, and treating a sin as permitted

Some things that can make a person a disbeliever

1. 1Saying anything bad about Allah.
2. 2Insulting a prophet, any prophet of Allah.
3. 3Saying anything bad about the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, his appearance, his qualities, or his teachings.
4. 4Rejecting any verse of the Quran, or treating it disrespectfully.
5. 5Making fun of any rule in Islam, or treating it as unimportant.
6. 6Calling something forbidden (haram) allowed (halal), or the other way around.
7. 7Saying things like, "Why has Ramadan come? It's such a problem!"
8. 8Making light of prayer, saying things like "What good have I gotten from praying?" or "What have I lost by not praying?"
9. 9Saying you would disobey Allah even if He ordered you to do something.
10. 10Starting a sin, like drinking alcohol, by saying "Bismillah" (in the name of Allah) first.
11. 11Thinking a sin doesn't matter, or telling yourself "it's fine if I do this."
12. 12Believing what astrologers or fortune-tellers predict, and trusting them.
13. 13Worshipping idols, or asking a statue to heal or help you.
14. 14Losing all hope in Allah's mercy, or having no fear at all of His punishment.

Someone who commits major sins is called a "faasiq" (a wrongdoer).

Some examples of major sins

1. 1Shirk (associating partners with Allah)
2. 2Unjust killing
3. 3Neglecting obligatory acts, like prayer and fasting
4. 4Using alcohol or drugs
5. 5Adultery or fornication
6. 6Stealing
7. 7Magic or sorcery
8. 8Oppression
9. 9Lying
10. 10Bribery
11. 11Interest (usury)
12. 12Cheating in weighing or measuring
13. 13Misusing the wealth of orphans
14. 14Betraying trust
15. 15Hiding true testimony or giving false witness
16. 16Swearing falsely to change the truth
17. 17Disobeying or hurting one's parents
18. 18Gambling
19. 19Accusing pure people of immoral acts
20. 20Engaging in immoral acts
21. 21Treating minor sins lightly, or insisting on repeating them

The three steps of repentance (Tawbah)

1. 1Realising the harm: understand that sin leads to the Fire.
2. 2Feeling regret: feel real sorrow for the sin.
3. 3Resolving never to return: firmly decide not to do it again.

Examples of what can make someone a disbeliever

1. 1Disrespecting Allah by saying anything bad about Him.
2. 2Insulting a Prophet, including any prophet of Allah.
3. 3Disrespecting the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ: saying anything negative about him, his appearance, his qualities, or his teachings.
4. 4Rejecting any verse of the Quran, or treating it disrespectfully.
5. 5Making fun of any rule in Islam, or considering it unimportant.
6. 6Considering forbidden things as allowed: calling something haram halal, or vice versa.
7. 7Saying things like, "Why has Ramadan come? It's such a problem!"
8. 8Belittling the importance of Salah, saying, "What good have you gained from your prayers?" or "What have I lost by not praying?"
9. 9Saying one would disobey Allah's command even if Allah ordered them to do something.
10. 10Starting a sinful act with "Bismillah," like drinking alcohol or doing other sins.
11. 11Seeing a sin as unimportant, or thinking "it doesn't matter if I do this."
12. 12Believing in the predictions of astrologers or fortune-tellers, and trusting them.
13. 13Worshipping idols, or asking them for healing, like praying to a statue for help.
14. 14Despairing of Allah's mercy, or feeling no fear at all of His punishment.

In Islam, a person who commits major sins is called a "faasiq" (a wrongdoer).

There are different opinions on the exact number of major sins; these are the commonly agreed-upon examples.

The three steps of repentance (Tawbah)

1. 1Realising the harm: understanding that sin leads to Hellfire.
2. 2Feeling regret: feeling deep sorrow and regret for the sin.
3. 3Resolving to never return: making a firm decision not to commit the sin again.

Instances given here that constitute kufr

1. 1Disrespect toward Allah, by any statement derogatory of Him.
2. 2Insulting any prophet of Allah.
3. 3Disrespect toward the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ: regarding his person, his appearance, his attributes, or his teachings.
4. 4Rejecting any āyah of the Qurʾān, or treating it with disrespect (istikhfāf).
5. 5Mocking any Sharʿī ruling, or holding it to be of no consequence.
6. 6Istiḥlāl: treating a ḥarām matter as ḥalāl, or a ḥalāl matter as ḥarām.
7. 7Statements such as, "Why has Ramadan come? It's such a problem!"
8. 8Disparaging ṣalāh, e.g. "What have I gained from praying?" or "What have I lost by not praying?"
9. 9Declaring one would disobey Allah even were He to command a given thing directly.
10. 10Prefacing a sinful act with "Bismillāh," as in taking an intoxicant.
11. 11Treating a sin as inconsequential: holding "it does not matter if I do this."
12. 12Crediting the predictions of astrologers or fortune-tellers, and placing trust in them.
13. 13Idol worship, or petitioning an idol for cure or aid.
14. 14Despair (qunūṭ) of Allah's mercy, or the total absence of khawf (fear) of His punishment.

One given to kabāʾir is termed a fāsiq.

The number of kabāʾir is disputed among scholars; this list gives the commonly agreed instances as stated in the source.

The three constituents of tawbah

1. 1Recognising the harm: that the sin leads to the Fire.
2. 2Nadam (regret): genuine sorrow over the sin.
3. 3ʿAzm (resolve): a firm determination never to return to it.